Coiled beneath the earth, swimming through cosmic oceans, and guarding treasures beyond mortal dreams, the Nagas (नाग) are among the most complex beings in Hindu mythology. These powerful serpent deities can be benevolent protectors or fearsome adversaries, dwelling in a subterranean realm of unimaginable splendor called Patala.
Origins
The Nagas are children of the sage Kashyapa and Kadru. Their mother's rivalry with Vinata (mother of Garuda) created the eternal enmity between serpents and eagles. The most famous Nagas include Shesha (on whom Vishnu reclines), Vasuki (used to churn the cosmic ocean), and Takshaka (king of serpents).
Appearance
Nagas can assume multiple forms:
- Fully serpentine with multiple heads (often five or seven)
- Human upper body with serpent lower body
- Fully human with a cobra hood behind the head
- Jewels embedded in their hoods
- Radiant, often depicted as blue or dark
Powers and Domains
Nagas control various aspects of existence:
- Water and Rain: They govern all water sources
- Fertility: Worshipped for agricultural prosperity
- Treasure: Guard underground riches
- Wisdom: Possess ancient knowledge
- Poison and Healing: Control both venom and its antidote
Naga Worship
Naga worship remains active across India, especially during Naga Panchami festival. Cobras are revered as manifestations of Naga power, and killing a snake is considered highly inauspicious.
Related Creatures
Compare to the Chinese Long dragons, Mesoamerican feathered serpents, and Greek serpent mythology. The Naga concept spread to Southeast Asian Buddhism.
